Multinational Research Society Publisher

MRS Journal of Arts, Humanities and Literature

Issue-7 (July), Volume-2 2025

1. Between Crime, Sin and Salvation: The Function of the Value of Mercy i...
14

Ethem Gürhan*
Ministry of National Education, Türkiye
1-4
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15779276

Dostoevsky’s novels are profound literary works that boldly explore the darker aspects of human nature, moral dilemmas, and conflicts of conscience. This study examines the concept of compassion, one of the core human values frequently addressed in Dostoevsky’s major works, from a multidimensional perspective. In Dostoevsky’s narrative universe, compassion is not merely an individual virtue but is also constructed as a form of theological, ethical, and philosophical resistance. It plays a central role in both the characters’ internal processes of transformation and their interactions with society. In particular, Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov, The Idiot, and Demons illustrate how compassion serves as a bridge of forgiveness between the sinner and the victim. Beyond simple acts of pity or forgiveness, compassion in these works becomes a profound ethical principle that enables individuals to confront their own existence. Through the spiritual turmoil, sins, and internal struggles of his characters, Dostoevsky questions the relationship between humanity and God. In this context, compassion emerges as a terrestrial reflection of divine justice. Moreover, in Dostoevsky’s texts, compassion functions as a moral counterbalance to social disintegration. The ethical movement that begins with the individual’s inner purification also carries the potential for reconstructing the social order. Ultimately, Dostoevsky’s portrayal of compassion transcends personal conscience, presenting a universal moral appeal to humanity. The aim of this study is to reveal the function of this ethical call within the framework of intertextual analysis.

2. Democratisation and Economic Development: Progress, Challenges and Fut...
5

Alhassan Wuripe*
Faculty of Education, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
5-14
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15788202

The relationship between democracy and economic development has been a central focus of scholarly inquiry for several decades. This paper contributes to this unending debate by critically examining the relationship between democratisation and economic development in Ghana. Despite notable advances in democratic consolidation since the early 1990s, Ghana‘s economic transformation remains sluggish, with persistent structural challenges and limited improvements in socio-economic welfare. Drawing on a desktop review of scholarly literature, and policy reports, the study explores how democratic institutions-namely the legislature, executive, judiciary, civil society and the media- have contributed to sustainable economic development and poverty reduction. The findings reveal a complex paradox: while democratic processes have deepened, economic development has been characterized by stagnation and structural decays, notably in industrial capacity and value addition. Furthermore, political contestation, institutional weaknesses and resource mismanagement have constrained the translation of democratic gains into inclusive growth. The paper recommends the strengthening of institutional frameworks to foster policy continuity in order to pursue strategic economic reforms to harness development potential of democratization.

3. A Comparative Study of Maulana Madoodi’s views and Allama Asad’s views...
6

Dr. Tariq Mahmood Khan*, Prof....
Tariq Mahmood postdoc fellow, ISTAC, International Islamic University of Malaysia
15-18
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15806112

This paper throws light about the services of two scholars for Islam. The purpose of this paper is to differentiate the eastern birth Scholar Maulana Madoodi and the Western birth Scholar Allama Asad (after embracing Islam). Both scholars stress the necessity of modern reformation of Islamic civilization. It is considered that Maudoodi has strict point of view about establishing state for Islamic rules while Allama Asad considers implementation of Islamic rules at individual level first. On the matter of basic sources of Islam, Allama Asad considers Holy Quran and Sunnah (Hadith) important while in Madoodi’s point of view, beside these sources, Ijmah and Ijtehad (Qayas) are also important. In Madoodi’s point of view, Islamic civilization is based on divine guided and framework while Western civilization is based on secularism and socialism stressing upon wellbeing of human. In Allama Asad’s point of view, Western culture and civilization is scientific and advanced than the Eastern world. Further Asad stated that the secular and religion less situation in the West is because of not presenting Islam in the West in true manner. In short, this paper has brief discussion of both scholars point of view about the reformation of Islamic civilization.

4. ETHICS, CONSTITUTIONALISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
7

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
19-26
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15806368

This research examines the challenges and opportunities associated with balancing economic development, social wellbeing, and environmental protection in the pursuit of sustainable development. The interconnectedness of the three pillars of sustainable development: economic prosperity, social well-being, and environmental protection. The inherent tensions that can arise between these pillars, leading to trade-offs in decision-making. Frameworks, tools, and strategies for navigating these complexities, such as policy frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and life cycle assessments. Recommendations for action at various levels, including promoting sustainability literacy, fostering green workplaces, and implementing supportive government policies. The importance of ongoing research and exploration of new avenues like the role of technology, nature-based solutions, and just transition strategies. Balancing competing interests in sustainable development is essential for achieving a sustainable future. Effective decisionmaking requires understanding the interconnectedness and potential conflicts between the three pillars. Various frameworks, tools, and multi-level approaches can support balanced decision-making for sustainable development projects. This research draws on existing literature, including studies on sustainable development, policy analysis, and case studies of successful sustainable development initiatives. This research emphasizes the importance of navigating competing interests for achieving sustainable development. The findings can inform policymakers, businesses, communities, and researchers working towards a more just, prosperous, and environmentally responsible future. Audience: This research is targeted towards a broad audience interested in sustainable development, including policymakers, academics, business professionals, and engaged citizens. Balancing competing interests in sustainable development is an ongoing endeavor. Through collaboration, continuous learning, and a commitment to long-term sustainability, we can create a future where a thriving economy, social justice, and a healthy environment coexist for the benefit of all.

5. ETHICS, MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
3

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
27-34
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15806469

Abstract: This research explores the interconnectedness of ethics, multi-party democracy, and human development. It argues that these concepts form a virtuous cycle, where strong ethical principles underpin a healthy democracy, which in turn fosters human development. The theoretical foundations of ethics, democracy, and human development. Real-world examples of how these concepts have been implemented effectively. Key challenges that hinder the virtuous cycle, such as corruption and inequality. Recommendations for strengthening ethical leadership, fostering inclusive participation, and promoting long-term development strategies. Ethical principles like justice, transparency, and accountability are essential for a legitimate democracy. Multi-party democracy provides a platform for competition, representation, and peaceful conflict resolution, leading to improved human development indicators. Corruption, inequality, and short-termism can disrupt the virtuous cycle. Strengthening ethical leadership, empowering citizens, and pursuing long-term development goals can reinforce this cycle. This research draws on theoretical perspectives from normative ethics, democratic theory, and human development theory. It analyzes existing literature and incorporates real-world case studies to illustrate the connections between these concepts. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and civil society organizations working to promote good governance, citizen participation, and sustainable development. By understanding the virtuous cycle, stakeholders can develop strategies to build a more just and prosperous world for all. This research is aimed at academics, policymakers, development practitioners, and anyone interested in the relationship between ethics, democracy, and human development. The virtuous cycle of ethics, democracy, and human development offers a roadmap for building a better future. By working together to address challenges and strengthen each element of this cycle, we can create a world where ethical leadership, inclusive participation, and long-term development go hand in hand.

6. ETHICAL AND SUSTAINABLE LEADERSHIP
4

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
35-44
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15806539

The article objective is to examine the influence of ethical leadership on sustainable development, particularly in bridging the gap between the acknowledgement and the successful execution of ethical and sustainable leadership practices inside enterprises. Primary subjects, fundamental characteristics and conduct of ethical and sustainable leaders; barriers to execution (shorttermism, integration difficulties); assessment and appraisal of sustainability efforts. Essential arguments, ethical and sustainable leadership demands distinct characteristics beyond conventional frameworks; effective execution needs surmounting challenges such as a short-term orientation; comprehensive assessment methods are vital for gauging program efficacy. Methodological approach, systematic literature research, case study analysis, and surveys of employees and leaders. Importance/consequences, delivers an indepth comprehension of ethical and sustainable leadership, including pragmatic solutions and evaluative instruments for enterprises. Promotes socially responsible and sustainable corporate operations. Target audience, decision-makers, corporate executives, sustainability specialists, academics, and researchers in leadership. This research underscores the critical role of ethical leadership in driving sustainable development. By identifying key leader characteristics, implementation strategies, and effective measurement techniques, this study aims to bridge the gap between recognizing the need for ethical and sustainable practices and their practical application. Ultimately, it advocates for a shift towards a more responsible and resilient business landscape, benefiting both organizations and society at large.

7. ETHICS LEADERSHIP AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
5

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
45-56
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15806593

This research explores the critical link between ethical leadership and successful implementation of sustainable development initiatives. Main topics, the characteristics of ethical leaders crucial for sustainability (transparency, long-term orientation, vision, stakeholder inclusivity). How different leadership styles (transformational, servant) influence employee engagement with sustainability goals. Strategies for promoting ethical leadership within organizations (leadership development programs, mentorship, reward systems). Challenges faced by leaders in balancing economic pressures with ethical considerations. Recommendations for fostering ethical leadership across various stakeholders (societal, employee, government, organizational). Key Arguments/Findings, ethical leadership is essential for achieving sustainability goals. Ethical leaders inspire employees and build trust through transparency and accountability. Different leadership styles can motivate employee engagement with sustainability. Promoting ethical leadership requires a multi-pronged approach. Balancing economic pressures with ethical considerations is a key challenge for leaders. Methodological approach, this study employs a multi-theoretical framework that integrates Social learning theory, Transformational Leadership Theory, Stakeholder Theory, and Virtue Ethics. It reviews existing literature on ethical leadership, sustainability, and their intersection. Significance/Implications, understanding this link empowers organizations and individuals to work towards a sustainable future. Ethical leadership can contribute to achieving sustainability goals and building a more just and environmentally conscious world. Audience, this research is relevant to scholars, business leaders, policymakers, and anyone interested in promoting sustainable development practices. Conclusion, ethical leadership is the driving force behind a sustainable future. By fostering ethical leadership and collaboration across stakeholders, we can create a world that prioritizes environmental wellbeing, social responsibility, and economic prosperity.

8. The role of Public Relation in Building trust, Reputation, and Stakeho...
9

Dr. Rose Chidinma Madumere*
Department of Mass Communication, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
57-62
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15824015

The role of public relations in building trust, authority and stakeholder engagement in corporate communication highlights the importance of effective communication strategies that promote positive relationships between organizations and their stakeholders. This study examines how strategic public relations practices can help build trust, enhance reputation, and foster meaningful relationships with stakeholders in a business environment. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this study aims to explore the various communication tactics and tools that public relations professionals use to build and maintain trust, manage organizational reputation, and build strong stakeholder relationships interested. By examining public relations, trust, reputation, and stakeholder interactions, this study seeks to provide valuable insights to corporate communication practitioners and researchers.

9. GOVERNANCE AND REGULATION OF LIQUOR AND GAMBLING IN THE NORTHERN CAPE:...
4

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
63-80
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15824034

This study critically examines the governance and regulatory role of the Northern Cape Gambling and Liquor Board (NCGLB) in addressing liquor and gambling challenges within the Northern Cape province. It aims to evaluate how the Board’s functions impact public health, social wellbeing, and provincial development. The Northern Cape faces significant social and economic challenges stemming from alcohol abuse, illegal liquor trading, and problem gambling. Despite existing legislation, enforcement gaps, resource constraints, and rising illegal activities undermine effective regulation, exacerbating public health risks and social harms. Adopting a systematic qualitative approach, the study reviews legislative frameworks, policy documents, and recent empirical reports (2023–2025). It triangulates secondary data with stakeholder insights from government, civil society, and community actors to provide a comprehensive analysis of regulatory practices, challenges, and outcomes. The NCGLB plays a vital role in licensing, compliance monitoring, public education, and revenue oversight. However, enforcement challenges, especially in rural areas, and the proliferation of unlicensed outlets persist. Community engagement and multi-sectoral collaboration emerge as critical success factors. The reinvestment of gambling revenue supports social development but requires enhanced transparency and impact monitoring. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of provincial liquor and gambling regulation in a resourceconstrained environment. It highlights the importance of integrated governance, community participation, and legal frameworks in balancing economic opportunities with social protection. Effective regulation of liquor and gambling in the Northern Cape hinges on strengthened institutional capacity, coordinated multi-stakeholder efforts, and ongoing policy reform. The NCGLB’s role is pivotal in fostering safer communities and sustainable provincial development, but persistent challenges demand innovative, inclusive strategies for long-term impact.

10. THE SOUTH AFRICA WE WANT: A VISION SHAPED BY CURRENT CHALLENGES
4

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
81-94
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15824070

This study aims to critically examine South Africa’s persistent socio-economic and governance challenges, and to explore policy and institutional pathways for building an inclusive, ethical, and sustainable society framing the vision of ―The South Africa We Want.‖ The research seeks to identify actionable strategies for structural reform, youth empowerment, governance renewal, and environmental resilience. Despite nearly three decades of democratic governance, South Africa remains burdened by high inequality, widespread poverty, youth unemployment (46.1% in 2025), and weakened institutional trust due to systemic corruption and service delivery failures (Statistics South Africa, 2025; Zondo Commission, 2022). These conditions threaten national cohesion and sustainable development. The gap between constitutional ideals and lived realities necessitates a reimagined developmental approach. A qualitative, systematic research approach was employed, combining document analysis, thematic literature synthesis, and policy review. Recent datasets (2022–2025), government reports, and academic literature were triangulated to ensure validity and contextual relevance. The research framework drew from structural inequality theory, good governance theory, developmental state theory, and sustainable development theory. Structural inequality and poverty remain entrenched due to policy gaps, spatial injustice, and elitedriven economic models. Governance breakdown at local and national levels has eroded public trust and hindered service delivery. Youth unemployment, climate change, and energy insecurity are critical stressors on national development. However, there are emerging opportunities through ethical leadership, inclusive growth policies, digital transformation, and the just energy transition. This study offers an integrated, multidimensional analysis of South Africa’s current developmental crisis and articulates a coherent vision of transformation rooted in participatory governance, sustainable development, and socio-economic justice. It contributes to policy discourse by aligning short-term reforms with long-term national aspirations outlined in the NDP 2030 and the UN SDGs. Achieving ―The South Africa We Want‖ demands a bold and collaborative national agenda that addresses inequality, restores institutional integrity, and empowers youth and marginalized communities. Through ethical leadership, inclusive planning, and accountable governance, South Africa can transition from a crisis-prone state to a just, resilient, and unified society capable of fulfilling its constitutional promise.

11. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON POLITICAL COMMUNICATION
4

Emenike Ikedichi Ubani*
Department of Mass Communication, Abia State University, Uturu Abia State, Nigeria
95-101
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15838894

This research explores the role of social media in political communication, emphasizing its transformative impact on public discourse and political engagement. Despite the proliferation of literature addressing social media’s influence, significant gaps remain regarding its effects on diverse demographic groups and the long-term consequences of online interactions on political behavior. Current studies often focus primarily on youth engagement, neglecting how social media affects older demographics and marginalized communities. Additionally, there is limited understanding of how algorithmic biases contribute to information silos and polarized views. To address these gaps, a qualitative methodology was adopted, comprising in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with a diverse sample of participants representing various age groups, socio-economic backgrounds, and political affiliations. The interviews aimed to uncover participants' perceptions of social media platforms as arenas for political discourse, their experiences in engaging with political content, and the perceived impacts on their voting behavior and civic participation. Focus groups facilitated interactive discussions, allowing for the exploration of differing views and shared experiences. The findings reveal that while social media has empowered users to voice political opinions and mobilize for causes, it has also fostered environments prone to misinformation and groupthink. Moreover, the emotional resonance of online interactions significantly influences users’ political consciousness but varies across demographic lines. This study underscores the need for further research into the nuanced implications of social media on political communication, especially concerning inclusivity and the sustainability of democratic engagement in the digital age.

12. From Palimpsest to Prompt: Rewriting Shakespeare, Creative Authorship,...
11

Michael Harding*, James Hutson
Department of Performing Arts, Lindenwood University, USA
102-110
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16009192

This article examines the convergence of creative authorship, adaptation, and generative artificial intelligence within contemporary theatre, taking Michael Harding‘s Awake, Young King as a central case study. Through the rewriting of Shakespearean drama, Harding‘s creative process demonstrates how theatrical meaning emerges through ongoing negotiation among playwright, performer, and audience, with scripts historically subject to revision, improvisation, and reinterpretation. Concerns regarding copyright, intellectual property, and the role of AI in the performing arts are reframed as extensions of enduring debates over originality and authorship, rather than novel threats. Tracing the evolution from The Rise of James VI to Awake, Young King, the article reveals that both human playwrights and large language models employ adaptive recombination of existing material, challenging strict divisions between human and computational creativity. Within the wider context of technological mediation already prevalent in theatre—from digital tools for rehearsal and feedback to automation in set and sound design—the presence of generative AI reflects an intensification of established creative methodologies, rather than a disruptive break. In light of the widespread closure of regional theatres and shifting audience expectations, the discussion advances the view that collaborative engagement with generative AI provides practical strategies for sustaining theatrical practice while also opening critical perspectives on adaptation, authorship, and relevance for emerging generations in the field.

13. UNEMPLOYMENT AND CRIMINAL TENDENCIES AMONG YOUTH IN ONDO STATE
3

LUYI Edline Olawumi*, ITODO Si...
Department of Social Studies and Civic Education, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
111-118
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16417487

This study investigated the relationship between youth unemployment and criminal tendencies among youths in Ondo State, Nigeria. A descriptive research design of the survey type was adopted to enable systematic collection and analysis of data. The population consisted of all youths aged 18 to 35 years residing in Ondo State. A sample of 400 respondents was selected using a multistage sampling technique, including stratified random sampling to ensure representation across gender, education, and employment status. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument contained closed-ended questions and Likert-scale items. To ensure validity, the instrument was reviewed by experts in educational research, sociology, and criminology. Reliability was confirmed through a pilot study involving 30 respondents, yielding a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.82. The questionnaire was administered with the assistance of trained research assistants across selected local government areas, and support was provided to respondents where necessary. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) to answer research questions, and inferential statistics (Pearson Product-Moment Correlation) to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that 62% of youths were unemployed, with cultism, cybercrime, and drug abuse identified as the most common criminal tendencies. Unemployment was found to cause significant financial hardship, emotional distress, and social isolation. Although government and community interventions existed, their impact was limited due to poor implementation and low participation. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.65, p < 0.05) was found between unemployment and youth involvement in criminal activities. The study recommends that the government and stakeholders implement targeted employment and rehabilitation programs that address both the economic and psychosocial dimensions of youth unemployment in Ondo State.





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